Tag: amite

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Presentations

New Video About Address Utilization and Allocations on Map Browser

The ANT project released a video describing Internet address allocation and how we study address utilization with IPv4 censuses. Aniruddh Rao prepared this video, working with John Heidemann and Xue Cai.

a scene from the ANT video describing address allocation and census taking

We have also updated our web-based IPv4 address browser to provide information about to what organizations each address block is allocated. The map now visualizes the whois allocation data; we thank the five regional internet registries for sharing this data with us and authorizing this visualization.

organizations in our Internet map

Finally, our web-based IPv4 address browser now has better time travel, with nearly 30 different census from Dec. 2005 to Nov. 2010, and we continue to update the map regularly.

Data collection for this work is through the LANDER project, and the map browser improvements are due to AMITE, both supported by DHS. Video preparation was supported by these projects and NSF through the MADCAT project.

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Papers Publications

New conference paper “Selecting Representative IP Addresses for Internet Topology Studies” to appear at IMC

The paper “Selecting Representative IP Addresses for Internet Topology Studies” (available at http://www.isi.edu/~xunfan/research/Fan10a.pdf) was accepted to appear at the ACM Internet Measurement Conference 2010 in Melbourne, Australia.

From the abstract:

An Internet hitlist is a set of addresses that cover and can represent the the Internet as a whole. Hitlists have long been used in studies of Internet topology, reachability, and performance, serving as the destinations of traceroute or performance probes. Most early topology studies used manually generated lists of prominent addresses, but evolution and growth of the Internet make human maintenance untenable. Random selection scales to today’s address space, but most andom addresses fail to respond. In this paper we present what we believe is the first automatic generation of hitlists informed censuses of Internet addresses. We formalize the desirable characteristics of a hitlist: reachability, each representative responds to pings; completeness, they cover all the allocated IPv4 address space; and stability, list evolution is minimized when possible. We quantify the accuracy of our automatic hitlists, showing that only one-third of the Internet allows informed selection of representatives. Of informed representatives, 50–60% are likely to respond three months later, and we show that causes for non-responses are likely due to dynamic addressing (so no stable representative exists) or firewalls. In spite of these limitations, we show that the use of informed hitlists can add 1.7 million edge links (a 5% growth) to traceroute-based Internet topology studies. Our hitlists are available free-of-charge and are in use by several other research projects.

Citation: Xun Fan and John Heidemann. Selecting Representative IP Addresses for Internet Topology Studies. To appear in Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC). Melbourne, Australia, ACM. November, 2010. http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Fan10a.html

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Papers Publications

new conference paper “Towards an AS-to-Organization Map” to appear at IMC

The paper “Towards an AS-to-Organization Map” was accepted by IMC’10 in Melbourne, Australia (available at http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Cai10c.html).

From the abstract:

An understanding of Internet topology is central to answer various questions ranging from network resilience to peer selection or data center location. While much of prior work has examined AS-level connectivity, meaningful and relevant results from such an abstract view of Internet topology have been limited. For one, semantically, AS relationships capture business relationships and not physical connectivity. Additionally, many organizations often use multiple ASes, either to implement different routing policies, or as legacies from mergers and acquisitions. In this paper, we move beyond the traditional AS graph view of the Internet to define the problem of AS-to-organization mapping. We describe our initial steps at automating the capture of the rich semantics inherent in the AS-level ecosystem where routing and connectivity intersect with organizations. We discuss preliminary methods that identify multi-AS organizations from WHOIS data and illustrate the challenges posed by the quality of the available data and the complexity of real-world organizational relationships.

Citation: Xue Cai, John Heidemann, Balachander Krishnamurthy, and Walter Willinger. Towards an AS-to-Organization Map. In Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference, p. to appear. Melbourne, Australia, ACM. November, 2010.

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Papers Publications

new conference paper “Understanding Block-level Address Usage in the Visible Internet” at SIGCOMM

The paper “Understanding Block-level Address Usage in the Visible Internet” was accepted and presented at SIGCOMM’10 in New Delhi, India (available at http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.html).

From the abstract:

Although the Internet is widely used today, we have little information about the edge of the network. Decentralized management, firewalls, and sensitivity to probing prevent easy answers and make measurement difficult. Building on frequent ICMP probing of 1% of the Internet address space, we develop clustering and analysis methods to estimate how Internet addresses are used. We show that adjacent addresses often have similar characteristics and are used for similar purposes (61% of addresses we probe are consistent blocks of 64 neighbors or more). We then apply this block-level clustering to provide data to explore several open questions in how networks are managed. First, we provide information about how effectively network address blocks appear to be used, finding that a significant number of blocks are only lightly used (most addresses in about one-fifth of /24 blocks are in use less than 10% of the time), an important issue as the IPv4 address space nears full allocation. Second, we provide new measurements about dynamically managed address space, showing nearly 40% of /24 blocks appear to be dynamically allocated, and dynamic addressing is most widely used in countries more recent to the Internet (more than 80% in China, while less than 30% in the U.S.). Third, we distinguish blocks with low-bitrate last-hops and show that such blocks are often underutilized.

Citation: Xue Cai and John Heidemann. Understanding Block-level Address Usage in the Visible Internet. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Conference , p. to appear. New Delhi, India, ACM. August, 2010. <http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.html>.

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Publications Technical Report

New tech report “Selecting Representative IP Addresses for Internet Topology Studies”

We just published a new technical report “Selecting Representative IP Addresses for Internet Topology Studies” (available at ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-666.pdf) .

From the abstract:

An Internet hitlist is a set of addresses that cover and can represent the the Internet as a whole. Hitlists have long been used in studies of Internet topology, reachability, and performance, serving as the destinations of traceroute or performance probes. Most early topology studies used manually generated lists of prominent addresses, but evolution and growth of the Internet make human maintenance untenable. Random selection scales to today’s address space, but most andom addresses fail to respond. In this paper we present what we believe is the first automatic generation of hitlists informed censuses of Internet addresses. We formalize the desirable characteristics of a hitlist: reachability, each representative responds to pings; completeness, they cover all the allocated IPv4 address space; and stability, list evolution is minimized when possible. We quantify the accuracy of our automatic hitlists, showing that only one-third of the Internet allows informed selection of representatives. Of informed representatives, 50–60% are likely to respond three months later, and we show that causes for non-responses are likely due to dynamic addressing (so no stable representative exists) or firewalls. In spite of these limitations, we show that the use of informed hitlists can add 1.7 million edge links (a 5% growth) to traceroute-based Internet topology studies. Our hitlists are available free-of-charge and are in use by several other research projects.

Citation: Xun Fan and John Heidemann. Selecting Representative IP Addresses for Internet Topology Studies. Technical Report N. ISI-TR-666, USC/Information Sciences Institute, June, 2010. http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Fan10a.html